Question about river classification for paddlers

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Stan

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Is there is any rule of thumb in estimating the class of a river (I, II, III etc.) by virtue of elevation change over some distance, say a mile? How much would this vary between high water and normal or low water levels (assuming the river was still navigable)?

I realize that conditions can vary considerably and aren't necessarily evident from changes in contours but I'm just looking for a guide for planning purposes. Lot's of rivers aren't described in river guides and I look for ways to identify potential trips ... my preference is not whitewater but for no more than class II with maybe a short occasional class III ... or reasonable portage alternatives.
 
From my boss, a guy who knows rapids. 12 foot waves in the pacific in canoes, and class 4 in open canoes. they are big canoes, but still.....more than i can handle:

Class I (Easy). Is the water flowing with a few small waves and perhaps some rocks off to the side? If so, you're probably in a Class I rapid. These are not the rapids that build a guide's repertoire of campfire bravado. Note their presence, but relax and enjoy the scenery.

Class II (Novice). Like Class I rapids, Class II rapids rarely are named. Waves may be up to approximately three feet high, so you may get a little wet. Get used to it.

Class III (Intermediate). Now is the time to sound the barbaric yawps. Just as you're getting all giggley and gooey-like with your guide and fellow rafters, you'll hear the first Class III coming and look up to see perhaps a small falls, some large rocks, and certainly some large waves. Intermediate boaters will have no problem guiding through these rapids, but due attention should be paid.

Class IV (Advanced). Take these rapids very seriously, stab hard with your paddle, and you'll be shouting excitedly and wearing a big smile when you reach the still water below. Class IV rapids are marked by turbulent waves, a hard current, and rocks forcing skilled navigation.Don't ever take my caneos or kayaks in anything like this or you will own it!

Class V (Expert). Class V rapids are hardcore whitewater. Many commercial rafting trips don't include these rapids, but even beginning rafters can experience a Class V with an expert guide. Careful scouting, constant vigilance and expert navigation are required to avoid large rocks and to precisely negotiate deceitful currents, steep drops and huge waves.

Class VI (Extreme). Once labeled as unrunnable, Class VI rapids have been negotiated by teams of experts. Class VI rapids are where you speak to God. whispering your own quiet prayer. Fierce water pounds through chaotic chutes marked by many forbidding rocks and stomach churning drops. Only experts are allowed to put themselves in the throes of a Class VI. Commercial rafting does not occur on Class VI rapids.
 
Here's my favorite whitewater class rating descriptions taken from the AMC Berkshire website. They are entertaining and also very accurate.

Revised Scale of River Difficulty
Thanks to "cjw" (via Norm Sims) for providing the humor.

Someone asked an anonymous boater about his class IV comfort level and he answered something along the lines of "I'm comfortable that I can usually find an eddy to swim to."

Thus, the interviewer was inspired to offer this International Scale of River Difficulty:

Class I: Easy. Fast moving water with riffles and small waves. Swimming is pleasant, shore easily reached. A nice break from paddling. Almost all gear and equipment is recovered. Boat is just slightly scratched.

Class II: Novice. Straightforward rapids with wide, clear channels which are evident without scouting. Swimming to eddies requires moderate effort. Climbing out of river may involve slippery rocks and shrub induced lacerations. Paddles travel great distance downstream requiring lengthy walk. Something unimportant is missing. Boat hits submerged rock leaving visible dent on frame or new gash in plastic.

Class III: Intermediate. Rapids with moderate, irregular waves which may be difficult to avoid. Water is swallowed. Legs are ground repeatedly against sharp, pointy rocks. Several eddies are missed while swimming. Difficult decision to stay with boat results in moment of terror when swimmers realize they are downstream of boat. Paddle is recirculated in small hole way upstream. All personal possessions are removed from boat and floated in different directions. Paddling partners run along river bank shouting helpful instructions. Boat is munched against large boulder hard enough to leave series of deep gouges. Sunglasses fall off.

Class IV: Advanced. Water is generally lots colder that Class III. Intense, powerful but predictable rapids requiring precise swimming in turbulent water. Swimming may require "must" moves above dangerous hazards. "Must" moves are downgraded to "strongly recommended" after they are missed. Sensation of disbelief experienced while about to swim large drops. Frantic swimming towards shore is alternated with frantic swimming away from shore to avoid strainers. Rocks are clung to with death grip. Paddle is completely forgotten. One shoe is removed. Hydraulic pressure permanently removes waterproof box with all the really important stuff. Paddle partners running along stream look genuinely concerned while lofting throw ropes 20 feet behind swimmer. Paddle partners stare slack-jawed and point in amazement at boat which is finally pinned by major feature. Climbing up river bank involves inverted tree. One of those spring loaded pins that attaches watch to wristband is missing. Contact lenses are moved to rear of eyeballs.

Class V: Expert. The water in this rapid is usually under 42 degrees f. Most gear is destroyed on rocks within minutes if not seconds. If the boat survives, it is in need of about three days of repair. There is no swimming, only frantic movements to keep from becoming one with the rocks and to get a breath from time to time. Terror and panic sets in as you realize your paddle partners don't have a chance in hell of reaching you. You come to a true understanding of the terms maytagging and pinballing. That hole that looked like nothing when scouted, has a hydraulic that holds you under the water until your lungs are close to bursting. You come out only to realize you still have 75% of the rapid left to swim. Swim to the eddy? What #%^&# eddy!? This rapid usually lasts a mile or more. Hydraulic pressure within the first few seconds, removes everything that can come off your body. This includes gloves, shoes, neoprene socks, sunglasses, hats, and clothing. The rocks take care of your fingers, toes, and ears. That $900 dry suit, well it might hold up to the rocks. Your paddle is trash. If there is a strainer, well, just hope it is old and rotten so it breaks. Paddle Partners on shore are frantically trying to run and keep up with you. Their horror is reflected in their faces as they stare at how you are being tossed around! They are hoping to remember how to do CPR. Climbing out of this happens after the rapid is over. You will probably need the help of a backboard, cervical collar and Z-rig. Even though you have broken bones, lacerations, puncture wounds, missing digits & ears, and a concussion, you won't feel much because you will have severe hypothermia. Enjoy your time in the hospital, with the time you take recovering you won't get another vacation for 3 years.

Class VI: World Class. Not recommended for swimming.
 
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Frantic swimming towards shore is alternated with frantic swimming away from shore to avoid strainers

Very funny Survival Boy! :D

I went over some Class IV rapids on the Cadre Poudre river in Colorado (basically a waterfall!!) Great experience in a raft. One of Joe Kuzneski's famous AMC Colorado major excursions!! :)
 
Survival Boy That is funny:) and somewhat true:D Swam in a class 5 before, not something I would volunteer for again:eek: but it hasn't stopped me from rafting!
 
Went swimming in The Cribworks on the Penobscot. Class 5. Got smashed into some rocks, pinned by the hydraulics of the river. Swallowed lots of water, maybe even a fish or two. Finally washed up downstream. Never been so scared in my entire life.
 
Yeah, I've swam class 4/5 before, and just about everything else as well (except class 6 :eek: ). It's not very much fun and can be very scary, but it builds character so I continue to get in my kayak and go for it.
 
The Grand Canyon has a fair amount of flatwater broken up by rapids anywhere from class 1 to class 5. The rapids are big water with very few rocks/other hazards to avoid. Good luck and have fun!
 
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